Schlagwort-Archiv: Saison 2012/13

Body Data of Bundesliga Players by Position

As promised last week, here’s my follow up post with a look at the body data of Bundesliga players according to their positions. I aggregated the data I collected from whoscored.com last week and calculated the average age, height, weight and BMI for each position.

The difficulty of an analysis by position arises from the natural fact, that some players can and do play on more than just one position or at least some variation of it. 163 out of 546 players in the data set have played at least two different positions during the past season. Therefore it is necessary to determine how to deal with this noise in the data. Aggregating data on a higher level would not be a good solution. Imagine summarizing centre backs (D(C)), left (D(L)) and right backs (D(C)) into one position: Putting together lively full backs and heavyset center backs would ruin a lot of the expected insight.

So what did I do about it? If a player played more than just one position in the last season, I made a duplicate entry for each position played. So if for example Thomas Müller played as an offensive midfielder in the center, left and right and as a forward, he has four entries in the data set which I used for analysis. I also removed those players from the data set, who were members of a team, but didn’t have any appearences on the field. So all results presented in the following diagrams can be interpreted as the mean values for body data of players who had at least one appearance on the respective position in the past season. The data set used for the analysis can be downloaded here.

Age and Position

Looking at the following diagram, the reader might ask why midfielders (M) and defenders (D) are much younger on average. This is more a less a statistical artifact due to the fact that the database at whoscored.com isn’t able to further specificate the position for players with few appearances. Therefore the players summarized under these positions are mostly younger ones. The same is true for forwards (FW), but there is no further specification for their position (center, left or right).

Over all, there is not a big difference regarding the age by position. Besides goalkeepers (GK) being the oldest on average, there might be a slight tendency to staff the more defensive positions with older players. Maybe this is where routine comes into play. We all know that a single defensive mistake can often have a more serious effect on the result than those in the opponent’s half of the field.

Average Age of Bundesliga Players by Position in Years

Average Age of Bundesliga Players by Position in Years

Goalkeepers are the tallest on the field

As I suggested in my last post, goalkeepers are indeed the tallest on average. They also have the highest mean weight and BMI. This is not surprising if one considers their job to keep their goal clean. Some extra centimeters make it much easier to block a higher share of shots coming towards them. Some extra weight, as long as it has no effect on their ability to reach the farest corners of the goal, can help them to dominate their six-yard-box.

Average Height of Bundesliga Players by Position in cm

Average Height of Bundesliga Players by Position in cm

Heavyweight in the Penalty Box

Their men in front, the centre backs (D(C)), are the second tallest and heaviest on the field. With regard to the height of their natural opponents, a decent height is necessary for the upkeep of air dominance. Forwards are smaller and lighter than centre backs, but surmount all other positions. They seem to have the body requirements to hold against the defenders in the penalty box. So it doesn’t surprise, that players deployed as defensive midfielders (DM(C)) are the next tallest and heaviest.

Average Weight of Bundesliga Players by Position in kg

Average Weight of Bundesliga Players by Position in kg

Midfielders and Full Backs

The left and right backs are smaller in comparison to their centre back colleagues, with an average height and weight that resembles the body data of midfielders. Differences between the various positions in the (attacking) midfield and full backs are marginal. Similar physical requirements such as speed or technical skills might be a reason for that and an explanation why many full backs are deployed as attacking midfielders and vice versa from time to time.

Average BMI of Bundesliga Players by Position

So what can we get out of this analysis? At least there seems to be a connection between the physical appearance of a professional football player and the positions he’s playing. So I’m pretty sure now why I spend almost all of my football „career“ as a defender. Not to mention that reflexes like a railway crossing gate didn’t give me a chance to aim at the goalkeeper’s position.

by Tobias Wolfanger

Body Data of Bundesliga Players and Average Germans

So recently I came across that wonderful website whoscored.com, which offers a great database with a lot of player and team data far beyond the information usually available. Having dealt with football data on the aggregate level of leagues before, I thought it might be a good idea to take a closer look on some features to gain some insights on the micro level of the game. So here I am, digging into some of the data I scraped from the website.

Wondering which hypothesis I could go after, it crossed my mind that I could start with the basics. What can be said about the body physics of professional football players? How can they be compared to the German average?

I plotted weight and height of all the Bundesliga players and enriched the diagram with additional lines representing the edges of Body Mass Index (BMI) zones. The BMI is calculated by dividing the weight in kg by the square of the height in meters. It is used to measure the physical condition of people or societies under consideration of their height.

Height and Weight of Bundesliga Players in the season 2012/13 with BMI zones

Height and Weight of Bundesliga Players in the season 2012/13 with BMI zones

Marco Reus, you and me

Not surprising there is a strong correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.82) between height an weight, with an average of 183.7 cm and 78.6 kg. Compared to the average male German, Bundesliga players are more than 5 cm taller (1.78 cm) and nearly 5 kg lighter (83.4 kg), if the whole male population is included. These metrics are of course biased, because older people tend to be smaller and heavier, at least until they get into their 60s. The following table compares the physics of Bundesliga players to average German males in their respective age groups. The data are from chapter four of Statistisches Jahrbuch 2012.

omparison of height, weight and overweight percentage of Bundesliga players and average German males

Comparison of height, weight and overweight percentage of Bundesliga players and average German males

While there is almost no difference regarding the weight of both groups, the professional players tend to be a few centimeters taller. In the group of the players between 30 and 35, the difference is 6 cm. The main reason for this: More than 22 percent of the players in this age group are goalkeepers who tend to have a longer career and are taller than other players.

Regarding the BMI, the majority of players is located in the normal weight zone with a tendency towards the upper edge. According to the BMI criteria, only a few players can be classified as slightly overweight. It’s improbable that any of them are fat. I think the more plausible reason some of them are hitting the overweight zone is their high share of muscle tissue. The BMI doesn’t make any any differences between fat and muscles. Compared to average males, the percentage of overweight football players is rather small.

The final conclusion this far: Bundesliga players have average weight for their age groups, but are slightly taller. Only a small share of them is overweight by BMI criteria.

What else can be done with body data?

As the goalkeeper example has shown, some positions seem to have special demands for the body measurements of players. I’ll soon write a follow up post that will deal with this relation. Finally there probably is also a connection between average body height an the performance of teams. Have a look at this blog post by Chris Anderson which suggests a strong correlation between the average height of a population and the FIFA coefficient of its national team.

by Tobias Wolfanger

Die stärkste Liga der Welt? (III) – Transferströme 2012/2013

Noch bis Ende August ist das Transferfenster geöffnet und rund um den Erdball wechseln gegenwärtig Profifußballer den Arbeitgeber. Das hat mich auf die Idee gebracht, in meine Fußball-Reihe einen Beitrag zu internationalen Transferbewegungen einzubauen und zu überlegen, ob sich anhand dieser Entwicklungen eine Ahnung von der Verschiebung der Kräfteverhältnisse zwischen den europäischen Ligen gewinnen lässt. Da die aktuelle Transferperiode noch nicht zu Ende ist, greife ich zunächst auf die Daten der letzten Saison zurück. So ergibt sich ein gutes Vergleichskriterium zum späteren Abgleich mit den Daten der aktuellen Transferperiode.

Nachfolgende Grafiken, erstellt im Radial Axis Layout von Gephi, zeigen die globalen Transferströme basierend auf den Daten von Transfermarkt.de. Der jeweilige Kreis repräsentiert das Transfervolumen der Vereine des jeweiligen Landes in Millionen Euro in Ablösesummen, die Verbindungen bilden die Transferströme in monetärer Hinsicht ab. Für letztere habe ich aus optischen Gründen auf eine Beschriftung verzichtet. Die Daten können bei Transfermarkt.de eingesehen werden.

Spielermagnet Premier League, Powershopping in Russland

Mit großem Abstand vor allen anderen besitzt England nach wie vor eine große Anziehungskraft. Allein aus Frankreich wechselten Spieler für eine kumulierte Ablösesumme von ca. 140 Millionen Euro auf die Insel, damit war dieser Transferstrom der größte der letzten Saison. Auch aus Italien, Deutschland, Spanien und Brasilien wechselten Spieler für beträchtliche Ablösesummen in die Premier League. Bemerkenswert ist, dass Russland bereits auf dem zweiten Platz folgt. Für rund 96 Millionen Euro wechselten Spieler aus Portugal nach Russland, darunter allerdings auch Hulk, der mit 55 Millionen Euro Ablöse für mehr als die Hälfte der Summe verantwortlich ist. Nach Italien und vor Frankreich liegt Deutschland an vierter Stelle. Die ausgehenden Transferströme verteilen sich relativ gleichmäßig auf viele Länder. Eine weitere Auffälligkeit ist Spanien. Das Volumen der Ablösesummen für neu in die Primera Division wechselnde Spieler war vergleichsweise gering und bewegte sich eher in der Größenordnung von Ländern wie der Türkei oder Brasiliens anstelle der anderen großen europäischen Ligen.

Eingehende Transfers in Millionen Euro

Eingehende Transfers in Millionen Euro, Kreisdurchmesser proportional zum Volumen der für internationale Zugänge gezahlten Ablösesummen

Sparkurs im Süden

Während in England weiter mächtig eingekauft wird, scheint in Spanien und Italien mittlerweile mehr aufs Geld geachtet zu werden. Auch in Frankreich, Brasilien und Portugal fallen die kumulierten Abslösesummen für die abgewanderten Spieler deutlich höher aus als diejenigen für die Zugänge. Das passt ins Bild dieser  Ligen als solche, die von vielen Spielern als Transfersprungbrett zu den großen europäischen Clubs genutzt werden.

Ausgehende Transfers in Millionen Euro

Ausgehende Transfers in Millionen Euro, Kreisdurchmesser proportional zum Volumen der für internationale Abgänge erzielten Ablösesummen

Die Bundesliga hatte im Vergleich zu den anderen großen Ligen vor und während der letzten Saison internationale Abgänge in vergleichsweise geringem Umfang zu verzeichnen. Das Volumen der Zugänge überragte diese deutlich. Möglicherweise kann daraus bereits ein Hinweise auf die steigende Attraktivität der Bundesliga abgelesen werden. In diesem Fall sollte sich in der aktuellen Transferperiode der Trend fortsetzen.

Was bringt diese Transferperiode?

Interessant wird zu sehen sein, wie sich die internationalen Transferströme dieses Sommers im Vergleich zu denen von 2012/2013 gestalten werden. Ganz sicher wird England wieder an erster Stelle stehen. Aber wird sich der Sparkurs in Südeuropa fortsetzen? Für die Bundesliga könnten gute Chancen bestehen, Italien vom dritten Platz abzulösen. Einen Aufsteiger kann ich bereits jetzt mit großer Sicherheit ankündigen: Da die Transferströme bei Transfermarkt.de den AS Monaco trotz seiner Teilnahme am französischen Ligenbetrieb als Vertreter Monacos klassifizieren, wird das Fürstentum in dieser Transferperiode zu den Top-Einkäufern im internationalen Vergleich zählen.

von Tobias Wolfanger